The Publisher’s Responsibilities

Reuse: Subject to the other provisions of this Clause, the Publisher will be responsible for the production, publication, and distribution of the Contribution and the Work in print and/or electronic formats at its own expense and risk within a reasonable time after acceptance of the Work, unless prevented or delayed by circumstances beyond its reasonable control. The Publisher will have full discretion over the production, publication, and distribution of all editions and versions of the Contribution and the Work, including decisions related to:

• Distribution channels and market determination;
• Range and functions of electronic formats and/or number of print copies produced;
• Publication and distribution of the Contribution, the Work, or its parts as individual content elements based on market demand or other factors;
• Layout, style, and production standards;
• Setting or adjusting the list price, including deviations (if permitted under applicable jurisdiction);
• Promotion and marketing strategies deemed appropriate by the Publisher.

All rights, titles, and interests, including all intellectual property and related rights in the typography, design, and/or overall appearance of the Contribution, shall remain the exclusive property of the Publisher. All illustrations, materials, and any other property, whether tangible or intangible, created at the Publisher’s expense, including marketing materials, will remain the exclusive property of the Publisher. These provisions will remain in effect regardless of any termination of or reversion of rights in the Contribution to the Author under this Agreement.

Subject to the Publisher's rights to terminate and other rights under this Agreement, including those specified in the clause on "The Author's Responsibilities(Author Responsibilities URL)," the Parties agree that the Publisher is not obligated to publish the Contribution unless and until: (i) all issues related to the Work, including necessary revisions, consents, and permissions, are resolved to the Publisher’s satisfaction, and (ii) the Publisher has provided written notice of acceptance of the final manuscript to the Editor. If the Publisher fails to publish the Contribution in any form within a reasonable period after fulfilling (i) and (ii), and if the Author has given written notice requesting publication within an additional reasonable period, and the Publisher still does not publish, the Author may terminate this Agreement by providing one month’s written notice to the Publisher. All rights granted to the Publisher under this Agreement will then revert to the Author, subject to any third-party rights under existing licenses or sublicenses, as per the "Termination" clause.

Additionally, if the Publisher has published the Contribution but later ceases to make it available in any form, the Author may issue a written notice requesting publication on the same terms as above. This notice is the Author’s sole remedy for non-publication, and the Author remains bound by ongoing obligations, including those specified in the "Warranty" clause.

The Author's Responsibilities

Delivery and Acceptance of the Manuscript: The Author agrees to deliver the Contribution to the Editor (or to the Publisher if requested) by December 30, 2021 (the "Delivery Date"), in the Publisher's standard format or another format agreed upon in writing with the Publisher. The Author must keep a duplicate copy of the Contribution. The Contribution must meet the Publisher’s standards and follow the instructions outlined in the Publisher’s guidelines provided to the Author. The Author must also supply any necessary editorial, publicity, or other information at the same time or earlier if reasonably requested by the Publisher. The Publisher may apply additional quality control measures, including using plagiarism detection systems and/or peer review by chosen internal or external reviewers. If the Publisher determines that the final manuscript does not meet its quality, content, structure, level, or format requirements, it may terminate this Agreement according to this Clause.(Author Guidelines URL)

The Author must notify the Publisher of any changes to the sequence of co-authors specified in this Agreement by the Delivery Date at the latest. In the event of any changes in authorship (such as a co-author joining or leaving), the Author must promptly inform the Publisher in writing, and the Agreement will be amended accordingly. The Publisher is not obligated to consider publication under this Agreement without such an agreed amendment.

If the Author does not deliver the Contribution as specified in this Clause by the Delivery Date (or within any extension period granted at the Publisher’s discretion), or if the Author (or any co-author) dies, becomes incapacitated, or is otherwise unable to fulfill their obligations under this Agreement, the Publisher may:

• Choose to continue with the Agreement as outlined and may hire a qualified person (which could be a co-author if applicable) to complete the Contribution; ( Copyright URLs ) or
• Terminate the Agreement immediately with written notice to the Author or their successors, in which case all rights granted to the Publisher under this Agreement will revert to the Author or their successors, subject to the provisions of the "Termination" Clause.

The Author, at the Publisher's request, agrees to sign all necessary documents and take any reasonable actions required by the Publisher to transfer all the rights intended to be granted under this Agreement.

The Author guarantees that the Contribution is original, except for any excerpts from other works—such as pre-published illustrations, tables, animations, text quotations, photographs, diagrams, graphs, or maps—whether these are reproduced from print, electronic, or other sources ("Third Party Material"). The Author confirms that any Third Party Material is either in the public domain (or otherwise not protected by copyright/other rights) or has been included with written permission from the rights holder (and in a form prescribed or approved by the Publisher, if requested) at the Author’s expense unless otherwise agreed in writing. The Author will, upon the Publisher's request, provide written details of the exact sources of these excerpts and their locations in the manuscript. Additionally, the Author must retain the written permissions and make them available to the Publisher upon request.

Approval for Publishing: The Author is responsible for proofreading the page proofs of the Contribution provided by or on behalf of the Publisher. This includes reviewing illustrations, media, and any functional enhancements, and giving approval for publication if requested by the Publisher. If the Author does not respond within a reasonable time frame (as determined by the Publisher) after receiving the proofs or fails to contact the Publisher within three days after receiving the last of three reminders sent via email, the Publisher will consider the Author's approval as granted. The Publisher is not obligated to send a second set of corrected proofs unless specifically requested in writing by the Author, and no further amendments will be accepted from the Author. In cases where there are multiple authors, the Publisher will send the page proofs only to the Corresponding Author. All co-authors agree that the Corresponding Author will handle the correction and approval of the page proofs on their behalf.

If the Author requests changes beyond correcting typographical errors, they will be responsible for covering all associated costs incurred by the Publisher for such alterations, including any modifications to pictorial illustrations. The Publisher reserves the right to charge these costs, along with any applicable value-added or similar taxes, through its affiliated company, IJRDES & Jack Sparrow Publishers Customer service, to the Author. Payment is due within 7 days of receiving the invoice.

Cooperation: Without affecting the warranties and representations provided by the Author in this Agreement, the Author agrees to fully cooperate with the Editor and Publisher regarding any legal action related to the publication or intended publication of the Contribution. Additionally, the Author shall grant the Publisher reasonable access to any pertinent accounts, documents, and records under the Author's control.

Warranty

The Author guarantees and represents that:

• the Author possesses the full right, power, and authority to enter into and fulfill their obligations under this Agreement;
• the Author is the exclusive legal owner of the rights licensed under the "Rights Granted" clause, and the use of the Contribution will not infringe upon any intellectual property or related rights (such as copyright, database rights, moral rights, or trademark rights) or any other third-party rights, except as noted in the "The Author's Responsibilities" clause concerning Third Party Material;
• the Contribution will not include any content that could incite religious or racial hatred, promote terrorism or unlawful acts, be defamatory (or contain malicious falsehoods), or be otherwise actionable. This includes any actions related to potential injury from using practices or formulas disclosed in the Contribution, and all facts presented are true and accurate according to current research and understanding;
• there are no confidentiality obligations related to the Contribution's contents toward any third party. The Contribution will not infringe on any trade secrets, privacy or publicity rights, or any other personal or human rights, and its publication complies with data protection laws. Informed consent has been obtained from all research or other participants featured;
• the Contribution has not been previously licensed, published, or exploited, and its use will not violate any contracts, express or implied, involving the Author or any co-author. Any academic institution, employer, or other entity where the work was created has authorized and approved its publication

The Author guarantees that both they and any co-authors who have signed this Agreement will always adhere to:

• All relevant anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws;
• All relevant data protection, electronic privacy, and marketing laws and regulations; and
• The Publisher's ethical rules (available at www.ethics&malpracticeURL.com , which may be updated by the Publisher at its sole discretion. The Publisher will inform the Author of any significant changes via email or other written communication (collectively referred to as the "Applicable Laws").

If the Author breaches any of these Applicable Laws materially, violates accepted ethical standards in research and scholarship, or is subject to any comprehensive or selective sanctions (e.g., being listed on the OFAC sanctions list), or if the Publisher believes that the Author's actions, allegations, or conduct adversely affect the production or success of the Contribution and the Work, or could potentially damage the Publisher's reputation or the reputation of the Work, the Publisher may terminate this Agreement in accordance with the "Termination" clause.

The Publisher retains the right to modify or request modifications to the Contribution at any time to address any actual or potential breaches of the warranties and representations stated above, or to remove any unlawful content identified by the Publisher or its legal advisors, whether internal or external. Such modifications or removals will not impact the warranties and representations provided by the Author under this Agreement.

Author’s Discount and Electronic Access

The Author, or any co-author, has the right to buy the Work and other books published by the Publisher upto 10% discount from the list price for personal use to depends on subject matters and final decision by Editor-in-Chief (Online payment guidelines URL). This discount is available as long as there is an active contractual arrangement between the Author and the Publisher and in accordance with any applicable book price laws or regulations. Orders must be placed through the Publisher's affiliated entity (IJRDES & Jack Sparrow Publishers Customer service). Reselling these copies is prohibited.

The Publisher will provide the Author with the final electronic version of the Work, on the condition that the Author has included their e-mail address in the manuscript of the Contribution(ethic & disclosure URL)

Consideration

The Parties acknowledge that the Publisher's commitment to its obligations under this Agreement, including its efforts to consider publishing and promoting the Contribution and the Work, constitutes valuable consideration for the rights granted and obligations assumed by the Author. The Author acknowledges the receipt, validity, and adequacy of this consideration. Furthermore, the Parties explicitly agree that no royalties, remuneration, license fees, costs, or any other payments shall be made to the Author.

The Publisher and the Author each have the right to designate collective management organizations (“CMOs”) of their choice to oversee some of their rights. Reprographic and other collectively managed rights in the Contribution (“Collective Rights”) [Copyright policy URL] have been or may be licensed on a non-exclusive basis to the respective CMOs by both the Publisher and the Author, to manage these rights under their reprographic and collective licensing schemes (“Collective Licences”). Regardless of other provisions in this Clause, both the Publisher and the Author will receive and keep their share of the revenue from the Contribution under Collective Licences, in accordance with the distribution terms set by their respective CMOs. To the fullest extent allowed by law, this revenue remains the exclusive property of the Publisher and the Author, and each is responsible for the registration and taxation of their own revenue. The Publisher and the Author will cooperate as needed if there are any changes to the licensing arrangements described in this Clause.

New Editions

The Publisher has the exclusive right to decide whether to publish any subsequent edition of the Work that includes an updated version of the Contribution, but this decision must be made after reasonable consultation with the Author. Once the Publisher informs the Author that an update is needed, the Author agrees to provide an updated manuscript in line with the terms outlined in the Clause "The Author's Responsibilities" and other relevant provisions of this Agreement. This includes delivering materials for any new illustrations and other supporting content, including media enhancements, within a reasonable time frame set by the Publisher. Significant changes to the nature or extent of the Contribution require written approval from the Publisher at its sole discretion. The terms of this Agreement will apply to any new edition of the Work published under this "New Editions" Clause.

If the Author is, for any reason, unwilling, unable, or fails (including due to death or incapacity) to provide an updated manuscript that complies with the terms of this Agreement within the specified timeframe, the Publisher may revise, update, and publish the existing edition or appoint one or more individuals (which may include co-authors if applicable) to prepare this and any future editions. However, the new editions must not include any derogatory content that could harm the Author’s academic reputation. In such cases, the Author will not be involved in the preparation of subsequent editions. The Author agrees that the Publisher may, but is not required to, continue using the Author's name on new editions along with the names of those who contributed to these editions. If the Author or their successors object to this continued use, they must notify the Publisher in writing when first contacted about any new edition.

Appendix “Author’s Self-Archiving Rights”

The Publisher recognizes that the Author has the right to archive the Contribution, but only under the following conditions:

Preprint: A "Preprint" refers to the author's version of the contribution submitted to the publisher before any peer review or editorial work by or on behalf of the publisher. The author is allowed to share the preprint of the contribution for personal and private reading purposes only on:

• the author's own personal website, which they maintain and control; and/or
• a legally compliant, non-commercial preprint server, such as but not limited to arXiv, bioRxiv, and RePEc.

Once the "Version of Record" of the contribution has been published by or on behalf of the publisher, the author must immediately ensure that any preprint shared includes a link to the Version of Record and the following acknowledgment:

"This is a preprint of the following chapter: [author of the chapter], [chapter title], published in [book title], edited by [editor of the book], [year of publication], [publisher (as it appears on the cover of the book)] reproduced with permission of [publisher (as it appears on the copyright page of the book)]. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOI]."

Author’s Accepted Manuscript: The "Author's Accepted Manuscript" (AAM) refers to the version of the Contribution that has undergone peer review and has been accepted but has not yet been copy-edited or typeset by the Publisher.

The Author is allowed to make the AAM available in the following ways:

• On the Author's personal website, which they solely manage; and/or
• On the internal website of the Author's employer, or within their academic institution's or funder's repository.

In each instance, the AAM must not be publicly accessible until the end of the Embargo Period.

The "Embargo Period" lasts for twenty-four (24) months after the first publication of the "Version of Record" of the Contribution by the Publisher.

The Author must ensure that any available part of the AAM includes the following statement:

"Users may only view, print, copy, download, and text- and data-mine the content for academic research purposes. The content may not be republished verbatim, either in whole or in part, nor used for commercial purposes. Users must ensure that the author’s moral rights and any third-party rights to the content or parts of the content are not compromised."

These terms also apply to the Author.

Once the Version of Record of the Contribution is published by the Publisher, the Author must promptly ensure that any part of the AAM includes a link to the Version of Record and the following acknowledgment:

"This is an Author Accepted Manuscript version of the following chapter: [author of the chapter], [chapter title], published in [book title], edited by [editor of the book], [year of publication], [publisher (as it appears on the cover of the book)] reproduced with permission of [publisher (as it appears on the copyright page of the book)]. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOI]."

Version of Record: The "Version of Record" refers to the final version of the Contribution as it was initially published and may be later modified in a manner that complies with contractual agreements, by or on behalf of the Publisher. It is strictly prohibited to link, collect, or aggregate self-archived Contributions from the same Work.

Appendix “Author’s Reuse Rights”

The Publisher acknowledges that the Author retains the right to copy, distribute, or otherwise reuse the Contribution without needing prior written permission from the Publisher, subject to the following conditions:

• The Author may reuse the Contribution or any part of it in a new edition of the Work, a new monograph, or a new textbook, provided that the new work is published by the Publisher under a publishing agreement with the Publisher.
• The Author may reuse the Version of Record of the Contribution or any part of it in a thesis and is allowed to make a copy of the thesis available in the repository of the Author’s awarding academic institution or another repository required by the institution. An acknowledgment should be included: "Reproduced with permission from Springer Nature."
• For any other reuse of the Contribution in a new book, book chapter, proceedings, or journal article, whether published by the Publisher or any third party, the Author is limited to using three figures (including tables) or a single text extract of less than 400 words.
• Further reuse of the Contribution is permitted only as reasonably necessary for: (i) sharing the Contribution as a whole with up to 10 research colleagues from the same institution or employer for personal and private use only; (ii) classroom teaching use by the Author at their academic institution, provided it is not included in course packs for sale or wider distribution; or (iii) using parts of the Contribution for the Author's scientific and/or academic career development, for private use and research, or within a strictly limited circulation that does not make the Contribution publicly accessible or affect sales or the Publisher's rights (e.g., attaching a copy to a job or grant application).

Reuse must be based solely on the Version of Record, and the original publication source must be cited according to current citation standards. The 'Version of Record' refers to the final version of the contribution as it was originally published, and it may be amended in a contractually compliant manner by or on behalf of the publisher after publication.

In every situation where the Author has Reuse rights or the Publisher grants specific usage rights to the Author as outlined above, the Author must first obtain consent from any co-authors and/or relevant third parties, at their own responsibility, cost, and expense.

Linking, collecting, or aggregating reused contributions from the same work is strictly forbidden.